EXONERATE CO2
(Discovering Water Vapor) 11/18/08 180 pages
A Project To Remove Carbon Dioxide From The “Pollution” List
And then go to work on converting reactors to Natural Gas Fired Boilers
Copyright 2008 © R.J.Gramm Pittsburgh PA
At first I was amazed that our Congress and then the Supreme Court ruled that Carbon Dioxide was “Pollution”. I considered it as totally silly and an insult to the educational system in the USA that supposedly well educated people could agree to such a stupid and mindless thing. I sent e-mails all over the place complaining that CO2 was one of the most important gases on Earth and that it was the source of all food on earth as the result of CO2, Water, Sunshine and Photosynthesis. All life on Planet Earth could not exist without CO2, Water and Sunshine. I tried to get into the details of whom and why made this terrible lie get into mainstream America. I wasted a lot of time and suffered complete rejection by stating it was the Nuclear Power Lobby who are trying to discredit coal burning electric utilities and label them as polluters so that the nuclear power industry could be resurrected and build more Nukes
I made up a carbon cycle chart showing the sunshine coming down and Photosynthesis putting all the CO2 and H2O molecules together forming vegetation and “life” consuming the vegetation and breathing out CO2 so as to allow the cycle to continue. I felt silly making a 5th Grade chart that our children are hopefully taught in grade school. CO2 is the ONLY gas that is used with H2O and Sunshine to support all life. How could it possibly be called “Pollution”? I looked at my chart and I said to myself, “I guess I am a polluter because I am exhaling CO2 and so are everybody else and all the other life forms exhaling it as well! Are we all (and the animals and sea life) going to have to purchase “Carbon Credits”? Is the Supreme Court going to uphold a carbon credit tax for breathing out CO2? Is a dairy farmer or a cattle rancher going to have to purchase carbon credits for his herd? Will the Congressional members and the Judges get an exemption? Will Nuclear Power employees get an exemption for all the good work they do? By the way, MY chart includes LIFE in the cycle. The IPCC (later) info does not.
I had developed “CARBON CREDIT SYNDROME”. It is a mental condition that comes from exhaling CO2 and worrying about it as well as concern for the input from all the animals and sea life. I multiplied my 16 breaths per minute times 0.001 Pounds per breath times 60 minutes per hour times 24 hours per day times 365 days per year times times 6.7 Billion People divide 2000 and got 28 Billion Tons of CO2! Oh my God, it is the breathing of PEOPLE causing Global warming! No, No I had to spread the blame! What about all the rest of living animals and ocean life? How much are they contributing? My quick estimate was about 14 Billion tons, probably low). How about all the dead people, animals and dead ocean life? :(About 2 billion tons, low?). How about all the dead vegetable matter (leaves, grass clippings, corn stalks, plowed under field matter, mulch, dead sea weed, human waste, animal droppings and so on)? Think of it as fertilizer to grow our food by supplying the valuable CO2 that food needs, easily about 20 Billion tons
It doesn’t take a rocket scientist to add up to get 64 Billion tons and easily twice that with a professionally calculated waste decomposition number. This is terrible news! Breathing necessary for Life on Planet Earth is causing global warming in addition to direct sunshine and the effect of Water Vapor (the biggest green house gas) that contributes 70% of the greenhouse effect. The 5.4 Billion tons of Carbon released into the atmosphere by coal burning utilities and petroleum fuels (that the Nuclear Lobby has made out to be pollution) is in fact a minor player in the overall scheme of things!
As far as I am concerned, the wonderful SUPER STAR of food growing, CO2, that God has given us is hereby exonerated. CO2 is NOT pollution but an integral part of LIFE and DEATH.
Write your Senators and Congressional Representatives and get them to write a law that reverses the Stupid Supreme Court Decision to call CO2 Pollution. I think that my “Carbon Credit Syndrome” is almost gone. As a result of working on this, I feel much better. R.J.G. 1/06/08
EXONERATE CO2 Page 2
Now that I am feeling better, I am willing to spend some more time with the 8 points that I sent to the President when he was looking for a consensus on Pollution in 2007:
1) The first thing that must be understood in order to come to a consensus is that:
ALL LIFE ON PLANET EARTH IS DEPENDANT UPON CARBON DIOXIDE, WATER AND SUNSHINE to grow all the green plants and all the food we eat.
The green plants produce oxygen that we breathe as the result of photosynthesis in addition to making our food and storing it for harvesting. Changes in any of the 3 inputs will affect the amount and quality of the vegetation produced. No vegetation will be produced if the CO2 is too low, if water is not available or if there is drastically reduced sunshine. The proportions of each are influenced by the temperature in the area and the chemical and energy relationships involved in the process. All the details are not yet fully and completely understood.
2) Next, it must be proclaimed, therefore, that Carbon Dioxide is NOT pollution and the Supreme Court must reverse the Ruling that CO2 is pollution. They must apologize to the USA for getting their nose into science where they do not belong. This is a serious mistake coming from a high place in the mind of the people.
It is an embarrassment to the educational system in America that so many people have swallowed the idea that CO2 is pollution.
3) The Third thing to understand is that the CO2 / Temperature relationship is an Hourly, Daily and SEASONAL happening. In the spring, when the leaves on the forest floor get warmed up, the happy bacteria, bugs and worm’s get busy turning last years crop of leaves and other vegetable matter into CO2 and water. Calling it a biomass might be a good idea. As the temperature rises (as we progress from winter into summer) the biomass gets warmer and warmer due to the action of the sun, the local weather and the increased activity of the biomass caused by the energy released by the bacteria. More and more CO2 is released to the air as the soil temperature rises and much of it is immediately consumed by the growing leaves. It is an essentially unrecorded production and consumption of the CO2 because of the local nature of the releases from the ground to the nearby leaves. But, some of it misses the leaves or gets blown away and is recorded as an increase in CO2 level depending on the location of the sensor, the time of day, the temperature of the soil, the wind speed and direction, the altitude of the sensor and the number of observations recorded.
4) Next, it must be realized that the biomass is HUGE. The Carbon-connected experts say that there is 1900 Giga Tons of Carbon on the planet and they like to publicize an estimated annual release of 5.5 Billion tons of carbon released into the atmosphere due to coal and petroleum burning. Much of the 1900GT of Carbon is salted away into trees, plants, animals and ocean life forms. The word HUGE is used because of the direct connection of the leaves and the nearby gas coming up from the soil makes it an imponderable number without the serious study that it deserves. It releases a HUGE amount of CO2 and the growing green plants consume a HUGE amount of CO2 to produce all our food for the year as well as a bounty of biomass that can be used for energy. An acre of green vegetation has an annual cellulose capacity to produce at least 1500 gallons of green fuel (the experts say) and we erroneously use an alcohol from corn base which has difficulty yielding only 100 gallons per acre. We have locked ourselves into Corn alcohol and refuse to look at Sugar Cane, Sugar beets, corn husks, grass clippings and wood chips. The number of options we are not following is very large.
5) It is very important to keep our eye upon the reality and complexity of the weather, the size of the CO2 biomass at the various locations like the oceans and the jungles, forests, plains and the fact that the northern hemisphere is 6 months out of step with the CO2 production and consumption in the southern hemisphere. The influence of coal and petroleum burning is so small when compared to the CO2 from the biomass that it is a minor event. It is not as low as the 5.5 Billion Tons Released as a ratio of the 1900 Giga Tons, (1.9 Million Billions of Tons) because some if it is coal yet to be mined and burned. The Carbon Credit and other analysts who like nuclear power have an agenda that slants the results to show that CO2 is a serious greenhouse gas. Point 8 below addresses the reality that water vapor is the main greenhouse gas.
In terms of the “Greenhouse Effect”, Water Vapor accounts for 70% of the effect, CO2 for 26%, Methane for 9% and Ozone for 3%.
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6) Additionally, the green plants will simply grow faster if there is more CO2 than normal and the biomass will become a little bigger for next years biomass spring and summer CO2 surge. Talk to a greenhouse operator about the value of putting in CO2 and what happens if this is not done or if the temperature is allowed to get too high from solar heating. To get an average measurement of the CO2 level for the planet is highly speculative because of the reasons in Point 3 above. Our fake scientists who want to limit the success of America are mis-leading us. Measuring glacial ice CO2 is a total waste of money that serves no purpose because of the direct connection of the soil and the nearby plants, and therefore is only a measure of what gets blown away from the plants or what is not absorbed by the plants and the oceans if the origin of the CO2 was from Coal or Petroleum burning. The measured increase may indeed be the result of improved agriculture and modern fertilization and watering methods and provides no useful or reliable information other than that. Showing 100 year periodic cycles of the ice CO2 versus temperature without footnotes as to the population increase (causing better farming), the existence of a mini Ice age and/or the estimated weight and temperature of the Glacial ice pack and the sun activity cycles is gross negligence.
7) Importantly, CO2 is heavier than air and stays close to the ground where the growing plants are. It is the most important "Nutrient" that is combined with water in the sunshine to make the plants grow. Without it, the land is not arable if there is not enough decaying matter in the soil to produce CO2 and allow it to escape to the green leaves. More than 2.2 billion tons of CO2 (from the 5.5 billion tons released) from combustion processes is absorbed from the air every year by the growing plants that anxiously await its arrival from above as well as that produced in the decaying material from below. If one goes out to the middle of a large well cultivated field on a warm spring day and digs a 12 inch hole 12 inches deep, and measures the CO2 level, it can easily be over 50%. In some areas with an abnormal collection of accumulated vegetable matter, the CO2 at the bottom of the same hole will not support combustion. A large field with a well shaped depression in the middle is a farmer’s best friend.
8) Upon further investigation, It appears that the largest quantity of "Greenhouse Gas" is in fact Water Vapor as mentioned in Point 5. CO2 is a minor player when compared to the bulk volume of water vapor The surface of the oceans is very large and the water vapor is constantly evaporating from it. And, the ocean is constantly absorbing CO2 at the rate of more than 3.3 Billion tons of per year (from the combustion processes that release the 5.5 Billion tons into the air) as a big portion of the primary nutrient for all the life in the ocean. Some of the “blown away” CO2 from the biomass on land is also absorbed by the oceans.
There is something fishy about calling CO2 "pollution" when it really is the key component to the production of all food on the planet and the release of oxygen to support all life Both the legislature in the Energy act and in the Supreme Court have made a mistake. A grant to Consol to study ways to sequester CO2 (when the oceans do such a good job at just the right rate) is foolishness. How twisted can we be?
Ron J. Gramm
412 364 7402.
If you need more information, I am willing to send it.
The President must not have read my e-mail and the consensus report has yet to be announced. The people inside the beltway are in a self serving, well funded little community that is isolated from the rest of the country. We let the government spend an awful lot of foolish money as political earmarks and we subsidize Nuclear Power on a regular basis. We look the other way when it comes to letting the Nuclear Plants continue to produce so much nuclear waste that will be radio active for a million years.
The Nuclear Power Lobby has been successful in claiming that CO2 is a cause of Global Warming and that Nuclear Power is the answer. No less than 31 new nuclear Power Plants are under consideration all up and down the east coast and the Anti-Nuclear advocates are as silent as a church mouse. There is nobody leading them and no communication between them to stop the projects.
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So far the old bird in Pittsburgh has presented the truth that Carbon Dioxide should be removed from the list of air pollution and returned to it’s status as the one and only gas that produces all the food on Planet Earth when combined with Water and Sunshine. It is an important job. The Pro-Nuclear Power Lobby has trumped up a story that Too Much CO2 is causing Global Warming and our stupid legislators have put it in the 2007 and 2008 energy bills to look for ways to sequester it (reduce the amount) and find other ways to get energy other than coal and petroleum burning. The oceans are an important way of sequestering CO2 as it now does because the CO2 is needed by the algae, sea weed and other green plants to grow all the food for marine life. It is a pretty reliable method and a proven way that basically determines the CO2 level in the air over the land masses.
Well, having the science and the facts about how big the Oceans are and the ability to dissolve the CO2 and get it transferred to the plants and up the food chain to the animals is all fine and dandy. That kind of stuff WILL NOT get the Carbon Dioxide exonerated and get the legislators and Judges to change their ways. The amount of effort to change the public perception that the Nuclear Mind Benders have planted will take much more money than the nukes spent because it is always more costly to re-build than to destroy. Fighting lies with truth, undoing the harm from lies, will take some time.
Step 1) Therefore, what is needed is a carefully crafted plan to distribute the truth and a system of milestones that track the public response to the work invested. A Mega Web Site that includes all the Anti-Nuclear Power web sites, all the health and radiation disease experts and all the environmental activists working together to Exonerate CO2 and show the Nuclear Power Industry as an Industry in Denial based upon outright lies, hidden data on the harm caused to people and an unsolvable problem of mitigating the horrible and dangerous situation that has been allowed at the plants, at the waste storage pools and on the waste disposal problem in general.
Step 2) Publicize and track the success (and/ or problems) as the various subjects are resolved. So that nobody can hide when a fact is presented and it is not accepted by the media, the legislators or the industry participants who are named when they tell a fib or a half truth of give an excuse in denial. One of the first projects is to get the Anti-Nuclear Power folks to shape up the Wikipedia web site.
Step 3) Establish an agenda for the Web Site with the goals as listed here:
3.1 Convert the reactors to fuel fired boilers using the rest of the site and local fuels.
3.2 Contact all “Nuclear Fleet Investors” and ask if they would fund the switchover.
3.3 If not would they sell their shares to a switch over investment group?
3.4 Keep a running list of old nukes with issued extensions and new extension proposals.
3.5 Start a list of utilities that are willing to switch when they have a good fuel situation.
3.6 Establish a rational way to get rid of the stored waste that everyone will agree to.
Step 4) All web site members will improve this site with ideas and provide links to their site.
Web site participants will be encouraged to publish factual and timely information.
Step 5) Develop a plan to systematically discourage the construction of the 31 new nukes.
Step 6) Publicize and stop any new applications and close or apply political pressure on the NRC.
Yours truly realizes that this is a naïve and childlike idea. If anyone has better ideas they should get busy and do something about them. That suggestion excludes any pro nuclear suggestions like developing Fusion or messing around with Quark Plasma and the like.
If you would like to publish this page or get involved in this in any way, contact me and I’ll release the copyright notice for you and add you to my list. rongramm@msn.com You can also call me at 412 364 7402 but I am out of the house a lot.
Exonerate CO2 Page 5 & 6
One of the things to do to exonerate CO2 is to understand how it works to make all life possible by making all the food at the basic level, by supplying all life with hydrocarbon energy packets in the cells of living things and by acting as a source of heat for all our bodies when the energy packets are oxidized to make CO2 which is exhaled. More and more people are using Wikipedia and the following was picked off the web to show some of the goings on with CO2:
Photosynthesis uses light energy and carbon dioxide to make sugars like glucose. A general equation for photosynthesis is:
6 CO2(gas) + 12 H2O(liquid) + photons → C6H12O6(aqueous) + 6 O2(gas) + 6 H2O(liquid)
carbon dioxide + water + light energy → glucose + oxygen + water
The equation is often presented in introductory chemistry texts in simplified form as:[1]
6 CO2(gas) + 6 H2O(liquid) + photons → C6H12O6(aqueous) + 6 O2(gas)
Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. In the first phase light-dependent reactions or photosynthetic reactions (also called the Light reactions) capture the energy of light and use it to make high-energy molecules. During the second phase, the light-independent reactions (also called the Calvin-Benson Cycle, and formerly known as the Dark Reactions) use the high-energy molecules to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) and make the precursors of glucose.
In the light-dependent reactions one molecule of the pigment chlorophyll absorbs one photon and loses one electron. This electron excites pheophytin allowing the start of a flow of electrons down an electron transport chain that leads to the ultimate reduction of NADP into NADPH. In addition, it serves to create a proton gradient across the chloroplast membrane; its dissipation is used by ATP Synthase for the concomitant synthesis of ATP. The chlorophyll molecule regains the lost electron by taking one from a water molecule through a process called photolysis, that releases oxygen gas as a waste product.
In the Light-independent or dark reactions the enzyme RuBisCO captures CO2 from the atmosphere and in a process that requires the newly formed NADPH, called the Calvin-Benson cycle releases three-carbon sugars which are later combined to form glucose.
Photosynthesis may simply be defined as the conversion of light energy into chemical energy by living organisms. It is affected by its surroundings and the rate of photosynthesis is affected by the concentration of carbon dioxide, the intensity of light, and the temperature.
Most plants are photoautotrophs, which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from inorganic compounds using light energy - for example from the sun, instead of eating other organisms or relying on nutrients derived from them. This is distinct from chemoautotrophs that do not depend on light energy, but use energy from inorganic compounds.
The energy for photosynthesis ultimately comes from absorbed photons and involves a reducing agent, which is water in the case of plants, releasing oxygen as a waste product. The light energy is converted to chemical energy (known as light-dependent reactions), in the form of ATP and NADPH, which are used for synthetic reactions in photoautotrophs. The overall equation for the light-dependent reactions under the conditions of non-cyclic electron flow in green plants is:
2 H2O + 2 NADP+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi (+ light) → 2 NADPH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + O2 [2]
Most notably plants use the chemical energy to fix carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and other organic compounds through light-independent reactions. The overall equation for carbon fixation (sometimes referred to as carbon reduction) in green plants is:
3 CO2 + 9 ATP + 6 NADPH + 6 H+ → C3H6O3-phosphate + 9 ADP + 8 Pi + 6 NADP+ + 3 H2O [2]
More specifically, carbon fixation produces an intermediate product, which is then converted to the final hexose carbohydrate products. These carbohydrate products are then variously used to form other organic compounds, such as the building material cellulose, as precursors for lipid and amino acid biosynthesis or as a fuel in cellular respiration. The latter not only occurs in plants, but also in animals when the energy from plants get passed through a food chain. Organisms dependent on photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms are called heterotrophs. In general outline, cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis: glucose and other compounds are oxidised to produce carbon dioxide, water, and chemical energy. However, both processes actually take place through a different sequence of reactions and in different cellular compartments.
Plants absorb light primarily using the pigment chlorophyll, which is the reason that most plants have a green color. The function of chlorophyll is often supported by other accessory pigments such as carotenes and xanthophylls. Both chlorophyll and accessory pigments are contained in organelles (compartments within the cell) called Chloroplasts. Although all cells in the green parts of a plant have chloroplasts, most of the energy is captured in the leaves. The cells in the interior tissues of a leaf, called the mesophyll, contain about half a million chloroplasts for every square millimeter of leaf. The surface of the leaf is uniformly coated with a water-resistant waxy cuticle that protects the leaf from excessive evaporation of water and decreases the absorption of ultraviolet or blue light to reduce heating. The transparent epidermis layer allows light to pass through to the palisade mesophyll cells where most of the photosynthesis takes place.
In algae and bacteria
Algae is a range from multicellular forms like kelp, to microscopic, single-celled organisms. Although they are not as complex as land plants, photosynthesis takes place biochemically the same way. Very much like plants, algae have chloroplasts and chlorophyll, but various accessory pigments are present in some algae such as phycoerythrin in red algae (rhodophytes), resulting in a wide variety of colors. All algae produce oxygen, and many are autotrophic. However, some are heterotrophic, relying on materials produced by other organisms. For example, in coral reefs, there is a symbiotic relationship between zooxanthellae and the coral polyps.
Photosynthetic bacteria do not have chloroplasts (or any membrane-bound organelles). Instead, photosynthesis takes place directly within the cell. Cyanobacteria contain thylakoid membranes very similar to those in chloroplasts and are the only prokaryotes that perform oxygen-generating photosynthesis. In fact chloroplasts are now considered to have evolved from an endosymbiotic bacterium, which was also an ancestor of and later gave rise to cyanobacterium. The other photosynthetic bacteria have a variety of different pigments, called bacteriochlorophylls, and do not produce oxygen. Some bacteria, such as Chromatium, oxidize hydrogen sulfide instead of water for photosynthesis, producing sulfur as waste.
After seeing this stuff, there is one thing we must not do and that is to find ways to “sequester” CO2 other than the natural way that it is now sequestered by being used to make food or other vegetable matter.
Gee, I wish there was such a thing as Wikipedia when I was busy getting my education. R,J.G. 2/08/08
Copyright © 2008 R.J. Gramm, Pittsburgh PA
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The estimate that water vapor contributes 70 % of the greenhouse effect is likely to be low. Since I am not the author of the estimate and don’t know the people who came up with the measurements (or the calculation). For example if calculated by people who want it to be the lowest value possible, so that the 26% of the effect that is due to CO2 can be as high as practical, then all bets are off. There is nothing I can think of that the Nuclear Power Lobby would not do. I can only speculate that 70% is low from observations that I have made about the weather and other things I have experienced.
The 70% number is suspicious to me because 70% of the of the area of earth is water and that number does not include land bound water like ponds, rivers, swamps, lakes, puddles, swimming pools and low spots in essentially flat areas. Recently, I drove from Pittsburgh for 8 hours going to Charlotte North Carolina and it was raining the whole time and the 500 mile long by, say, 20 mile wide wet area surely looked like a big lake underneath the clouds as viewed by the sun.. It would be a 10,000 square mile “green house” that was experiencing the green house effect. We had to have the air conditioner on the whole way and the temperature was about 75 or 80 degrees on a 65 degree day.
Thinking about water vapor pressure, I installed a large 2 %, or less, relative humidity Dry Room in Pittsburgh for the purpose of building transformers that had a lot of Kraft insulating paper within the electrical windings. The idea was to skip the oven drying process which usually took 16 hours or more because the paper often has a 15% moisture content which must be removed. The atmospheric Vapor Pressure of the air was so high that the room had to have aluminum sheet applied to all the inside surfaces of the room. Screws were required 6 inches apart to stop the pressure of the water vapor of the outside from collapsing all of the aluminum area toward the 2% moisture air in the room.
Anyhow, what this means is that all the water area above the oceans has a high Vapor Pressure which looks for a low Vapor Pressure (low moisture content) to go to. The net result is the creation of the “high humidity streams” which flow from areas near the equator and, say 25 degrees on either side (north or south) of the equator to the cold poles. The vapor flowing north gathers into “Jet Streams” of moist air. In the northern hemisphere the jets travels north and drop the moisture on the cold ice at the pole. Then, the jets streams turn clock wise and the dry returning air flows south to pick up more moisture and turn counter clockwise (like a low pressure storm) heading north again after traveling west during the 180 degree turn to the north.
The same kind of thing (symmetrically) happens in the southern hemisphere and down there lately the pole has been colder and the glacier ice thickness is growing. Thicker ice means it travels away from the poles and falls into the ocean where the lay of the land dictates. Only about 5% of the perimeter of the ice pack has been falling into the ocean lately. Would you like to guess who is making a big deal of the ice falling into the ocean? I’ll bet you it is a global warming type person which is usually a Democrat. Global warming is not causing the Antarctica ice to fall into the Ocean. The colder ice is.
The ice core samples from the ice pack often show periods of high CO2 content in hundred year intervals for a 10 to 20 year periods and Global warming advocates often use the data as proof that more CO2 means higher temperature But, forest fires, periods of large plant growth and the like are never benchmarked. Even periodic transfers of northern CO2 to the south (or the opposite) are not considered.
You know what? I think the well funded global warming Pseudo experts (like Al Whatziz name) that get assistance from the Nuclear Power Lobby have done a great job getting the message out through liberal media outlets. My pointing out the errors is not doing any good. My effort is essentially unfunded and only exists because I care about America, a solid economic footing that Nuclear Power does not provide and about the truth that Carbon Dioxide must be exonerated, or else.
We live in a Beautiful, Solar Heated Water World (with plenty of CO2 to grow all our food) as the result of the green house effect of Water Vapor (which could easily be 80% of the effect), with CO2 at 10% 0r less, Methane at 9% and Ozone 1%. It may well be that none of the CO2 is causing Global Warming.
Copyright © 2008 R.J. Gramm, Pittsburgh PA
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America and the 2 party system has broken down because both parties have agreed that CO2 is pollution and have passed legislation stating that and they have both agreed to promote Nuclear Power because both parties think that Nuclear Power is “clean” energy and does not contribute to the production of that terrible Pollution, CO2.
Up to this point in the history of the USA, the 2 parties have always had basic differences on the important issues and hardly ever agreed on anything. It was only the radical conservatives who didn’t fit because they don’t think that there is any global warming caused by the activities of mankind. They might be right.
Now, both parties have come out against our wonderful Super Gas, Carbon Dioxide and, therefore, the Supreme Court has come out against it as well. That makes the activity to Exonerate CO2 a difficult political situation because there is only one person trying to exonerate it. The only person is that old bird in Pittsburgh. In the past we could always count on the Democrats to be environmentalists. But now, they are against the most important, one and only food growing environmental gas there is, Carbon Dioxide. CO2 is discharged by all life forms in great quantity as a part of life itself in harmony with nature. The Democrats in Washington have abandoned their long time position as environmentalists by believing the greatest sin of omission ever propagated by the well financed Nuclear Power Lobby. Water Vapor is by far the largest contributor to the greenhouse effect and it is a good thing because it keeps our beautiful planet warm in a hostile, cold universe.
Both parties have allowed the Nuclear Power industry to continue to produce horrible, dangerous Nuclear Waste on a daily basis for 50 years and store it in big water pools positioned up wind (westerly) from all the US major cities. The waste will be in existence and releasing lethal radiation essentially forever. There is no way to safely store it forever. Forever is a long time to protect it. Millions of dollars have been spent to call Nuclear Power safe and clean but everybody knows for sure it is not “safe” and the “clean” part comes from 50 years of looking the other way when thinking about radio-active solids, liquids and gases released on a continuous basis for the whole 50 years in addition to the lethal and highly radio-active spent fuel. The Nuclear Power Industry really is “An Industry In Denial” that does not even recognize the existence of Quarks and Gluons
What we need is for the Nuclear Power plant owners to lead the way again and show the world how to remove the Nuclear Reactors and replace them with plain old common boilers using fuels like coal, grass clippings, corn stalks, leaves, wood chips and other locally available fuels that can be burned in a safe manner by ordinary people who are not exposed to the hazards of Very Expensive Nuclear Reactors. There are only 7 guys who have raised the money to buy over 60 of the 100 reactors in use involving only $80 Billion dollars. The reactor part is about half of the sum. Therefore, if the 7 guys can not be convinced to do the right thing we should all buy them out and get some government assistance to get rid of the reactors.
Using good sulfur free coal that releases good ole CO2 is actually a much better idea than getting into the fatal situation of having to deal with a slow burning nuclear bomb. Working in the “Green” fuel is only an additional benefit because the getting rid of the sulfur is a lot tougher than getting rid of creosote.
Mr Gramm’s 4th patent is about to issue and is described on his web site www.3-windows.com .
When the patent issues, work will be invested to up date the site showing the details of the patent and adding some space for “Exonerating CO2--- Copyright © 2008 R.J. Gramm, Pittsburgh PA “ and the necessary links and e-mail capability.
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I am sorry to have to get into technical stuff when the project we really need is a political, fast talking and quick walking effort that gets people to undo all the harm that has been done. The “Exonerate CO2” web site that I have in mind will pull together all the web sites of the anti-Nuclear people who know how to get some of the people to do stuff. What we need now is an agenda and a time line so that everybody will be on the same page at the same time and cure the ills. Selling books, Potassium Iodide and collecting money is not the business that I envision for “Exonerating CO2”. The project is to find and publicize the TRUTH about what we find and report the progress and/or the resistance to progress that is found.
It is going to be a slug fest for TRUTH which can only be won if it is true that CO2 deserves to be exonerated and, if Nuclear Power is as bad as the anti-nuclear power folks have been saying all along to each other but not to the world and not to the political leaders.
If you have some ideas, tell every body .
We all have to get our act together. If you have something to say, say it. If you have something to do, Do it. If you have some facts to tell the world, say what they are and spread the word.
Copyright © 2008 R.J. Gramm, Pittsburgh PA
Here
is the 5th grade carbon cycle that Congress and the Supreme Court can
not accept.
Exonerate CO2 Page 10
There are a bunch of radio-active liquids, solids and gasses that are released from Nuclear Power Plants on a continuous basis and it is important to know this so that after we exonerate CO2 we will have space for the stuff that has been covered up by the “Industry In Denial”, The Nuclear Power Industry. If you would be so kind as to e-mail me with information that I will add to this and subsequent pages, it will be appreciated.
Ronald
This Author, rongramm@msn.com, is on a quest for all detailed, verifiable information about the location and extent of these releases. The NRC has long ago ruled that the releases are low and below the limits that have been set many years ago and does not look at any information which would require an inquiry or documentation. But the releases are made and a lot of people know about them but do nothing about them since talking to the NRC is like talking to a brick wall. Some are “routine” releases that have to be made in order to run the plant. For example, when fuel is changed and the heavy lid on the reactor is removed, that air inside the confinement building as well in the storage building MUST be heavily ventilated, as it is every day and night. Otherwise people could be exposed to too much and the cost of replacing the radiation badges would go too high not to mention the individual getting to much exposure requiring a short vacation from the plant.
The air released to the atmosphere is moved at a high rate so as to dilute the radio active content and there-by stay below the maximum allowable radiation level measured at the exhaust. Tritium almost always is released as Tritiated water, sent out to the cooling towers and diluted with a heck of a lot of water and released and evaporated away. The evaporated fraction appears to be about twice the amount sent into the local rivers or lakes since the water would be too easy to monitor as compared with that sent out the top of the tower which wound be a technical challenge to monitor.
That kind of “safety by dilution” activity is a questionable method of getting rid of a lot of radio active gases and liquids. There is an interesting story about millions of gallons radio active water inside the 3-mile island containment building. There was a problem of releasing it into the Susquehanna River for fear of a public outcry. The solution was to simply let it all evaporate so that is what they did. And since then sending Tritiated water out into the cooling tower pool is probably the correct way to get rid of it.
There is no way to store and protect radioactive gases and all of it is simply diluted with a lot of ventilation air and release it to the neighborhood outside. This information is the kind of stuff that gets anti-nuclear power advocates going crazy. It is reason enough to shut them all down now. But, however, that still leaves what to do with the solid material which will continue to release nasty gasses for a long time.
As it would happen the big dilution required to vent to the atmosphere will cause a big problem at Yucca Valley. The big dilution being used at the 103 Nukes and their storage pools (about 25,000 Cubic Feet per Minute) will have to be multiplied by 103 resulting in the need for, say, 2.5 million Cubic Feet per Minute for 200,000 years. And it will contaminate Yucca Valley for miles around and to the east, all of America.
Therefore, there is a need to substitute for Yucca Valley with a better way to do it. Yucca Valley can easily be converted into a good mushroom farm and make a lot of money.
The final solution get rid of the 50,000 tons of solid radio active spent fuel is to disburse it over a large part of the world such as at the bottom of the ocean in 200 pound, glass, fit-together containers holding 4 pounds of rods with a design that has a small hole (or two) to let the inevitable gas escape. Then sprinkle them far apart over the ocean bottom so they can not be found again. Use a hexagonal outer container shape (so it doesn’t roll around when in transport) and an inner shape that receives the cut off rods. Make the walls of the glass thick enough to greatly minimize external radiation or broken containers. Therefore, 50,000 tons x 2000 = 100,000,000 pounds divide 4 pounds each = 25 Million.
Exonerate CO2 Page 11
Mr. Gramm just happens to have a suitable designer and manufacturer of glass near his home in
Pennsylvania called www.AmericanGlassResearch.com and suggests the Government to ask them if they would be interested in designing and manufacturing 25 Million Containers on a rush basis.
For the record, the government of the United States is not very much likely to ask any one to quote 25 million glass containers to hold small (4 pound) amounts of high level nuclear waste. A specification is needed. One idea is to “Pot” the fuel rod section into the heavy wall glass with carbon pitch.
The containers shall be made of two overlapping halves where the barrel portions shall have a thickness of at least 2 inches and have an end thickness of 4 inches (twice the barrel thickness) with one end being open. The fuel is inserted, pitch is filled up to within ¼ inch of the top of the inside container.
The inside container shall have a diameter equal to the diameter of a fuel rod assembly plus 10% and a length equal to the length of a 4 pound section of the fuel rods that have been cut off plus 5%.
The outside container shall have an inside diameter equal to the outside diameter of the inside container plus at least 1/8 inch all around and a cylindrical section length equal to the total length of the inside container. The outside surface of the outside container shall have a hexagonal cross section, to prevent rolling of the completed unit.
The outside end shall have a tapered hole with a starting diameter of at least ¼ inch vent hole at the outside surface and a diameter at the inside surface of ½ inch: Both ends will have rounded surfaces as required for a non-chipping intention and a 30 degree angle to the top surface so as to prevent line of sight radiation from the rod assembly to leave the container.
To assemble the containers and the radio-active rod assembly, the inside container shall be set on a flat surface with the open end up. A suitable amount of silicone rubber shall be put into the bottom and the rod assembly set into the silicone such that the silicone nearly fills the spaces inside the rod assembly and appears at the top of the opening. The outside container will be slipped over the inside container and silicone rubber will be applied around the bottom end of the completed unit to a height of at least 8 inches so that the vent hole is not obstructed with the silicone material.
Gasses produced by the half life decaying of the radio active material (Hydrogen, Helium, Tritium and a host of radio-active Noble gases and radio-active isotopes) must be allowed to escape as they would at Yucca Mountain except they do not pose a threat to life forms (like people). The escaping gases from Yucca Mountain must be heavily ventilated (by 2.5 million cubic feet per minute as they now are ventilated from the nuclear plants) or the mountain caves will become uninhabitable and deadly places to enter. The escaping (and denied) gases from The Nuclear Plants can not be stopped. These materials will escape from the disbursed containers at remote places immersed in a known radiation shield material like ocean water. If you have a better container, get busy and make some.
The disbursed, scattered, shielded, relatively inert and robust containers with small amounts of radio active material inside represent a well thought out solution to the waste problem because it uses the same principles now used by the Nuclear Industry (in Denial). The industry now immerses 50,000 tons under only 20 feet of water and disburses all of the gases (from the storage pools, from the containment buildings and from the cooling towers) with the principle of high dilution of liquids and gases to minimize measurable radio-active levels so they can be discharged into the neighborhoods.
If we do nothing the powers to be will continue to go ahead with the idea of locating large amounts of concentrated material that vents directly into the air and blown east from Yucca Mountain over all of America as they now do with the Nuclear plants located to the west of all of our major cities.
This author just hates to be using bold letters to make a point but it seems to be the only way (other than literary excellence) to communicate things that are important (denied by the Nuclear Industry).
The recent
discovery of a major fault line 250 feet under Yucca mountain is a bummer
anyway.
Exonerate CO2 Page 12
(Almost Done With The Story.)
Now you know that the largest contributor of the “Greenhouse Effect” is the contribution made by WATER VAPOR in the 70% (or more) of the effect range, And, that CO2 is 20% (or less of the effect) along with Methane (9%) and Ozone (1%). And, that the quick calculations that show a HUGE contribution of CO2 by all life on planet earth is enough to allow one to conclude that CO2 is the One And Only, Super, Environmentally Necessary Gas upon which the production of all food for all life on the planet depends. And, that we need the Greenhouse effect that the water vapor provides to keep our planet as a warm, moist paradise in a hostile universe. Further, CO2 is automatically consumed by the green plants on land and in the oceans to provide food, energy, clothing and building materials. And, that the oxygen produced by plants (because of CO2, Water and Sunshine) is a necessary part of the cycle to provide combustion and heat production in the oxidizing process.
A look at my web browser after typing in “Body Heat” quickly showed the energy production of the human body to be from 120 Watts way up to 1500 watts for a fast runner. After looking further, I concluded that my age and the things that I want to do like finishing up my transformer project, which will give mankind a saving of at least 100 Giga Watts, I decided to leave all the details to people with more time to spend on the project than I have. For more info, go to www.3-windows.com .
These 18 pages have made it so that the Nuclear Power lobby and those who have a vested interest in the industry have wasted all the money that they spent building up the global warming and CO2 pollution story. These 18 pages and all the data available from the Anti-Nuclear Power web sites that provide the TRUTH that Nuclear Power is an Un-safe (dangerous) activity that is continuously producing (and releasing) radio active gas, liquids and solids that will be harmful for millions of years, is enough information for me to quit and pass it all on in the web site that I envision.
Good bye to the nukes, good bye to the Westinghouse advertising that says Clean, Safe, Environmentally Friendly Nuclear Power, God bless the soul of George Westinghouse, may it come back in the minds of all 7,000 Westinghouse employees and convince them to immediately start to work on converting the 103 nukes we have to fuel fired boilers that ordinary people can deal with without the exposure and mental stress that the 1 million people now running the dangerous reactors now experience. Please stop working on 31 more Nuclear Plants along the East Coast and make good fuel burning plants that are not harmful to life on the planet. If you need to find employment elsewhere, I’ll do what I can to get help.
There is one last thing:
During this election year, this author hopes and prays that both Presidential Candidates will come forward and state that:
1) Carbon Dioxide IS NOT POLLUTION and is in fact the one and only super, environmental, food and energy growing gas upon which all living things depend.
2) The truth is that WATER VAPOR is the primary “Greenhouse Gas” providing 70% or more of the warmth in the atmosphere that makes Earth a water filled paradise in a hostile universe.
3) Since all life forms on earth exhale CO2 at the rate of at least 86 Billion Tons per year and proves that coal burning utilities and automobiles produce a minor amount of 5 Billion tons per year to grow food.
4) Therefore, the Nuclear Power Industry is promoting a myth to get a reason to build more Nuclear Power Plants like the 31 New Units along the East Coast and that should not happen.
5) Then, the new President will get control of the NRC and stop the extension of the licensing of existing plants and reject new applications and increased out-put of existing Nuclear Power Plants.
6) Then, the President will order all Nuclear Power Plants to be switched over to fuel fired boilers that will be safe to the public and find a save way to get rid of all the dangerous fuel now sitting around.
Then, we will have 6 reasons to vote in a new President who can be trusted. .
Copyright © 2008 R.J. Gramm, Pittsburgh PA r.j.g. 3/8/08
Exonerate CO2 Page 13
( An Unintended result : Liberals Without A Cause )
It makes me so sad, during this election year, to point out that the principal Gas that causes global warming is in fact Water Vapor. Carbon Dioxide, called “Pollution” by the U.S. Congress and the Supreme Court, is actually the “Environmental Super Gas” that makes all life on Planet Earth possible.
Water Vapor has the important job of keeping our wonderful planet warm and comfortable in a cold and hostile universe. Thank God for the water vapor that keeps everything warm because of the ability to act as “Nature’s Green House Gas” in addition to providing fresh water for drinking and growing food. We live in a warm paradise because the vapor acts to keep our globe warm and comfortable with clouds to provide refreshing rain.
Carbon Dioxide has the very important job of being the “one and only food growing Food Growing Super Star” which, along with water and sunshine, provides food for all life on our beautiful, blue, water world: Earth.
I am so sorry to tell Mr. Gore and his supporters that his Global Warming Story is a false and harmful concept based upon a lack of facts. It is a built-up story by against CO2 by the pro-nuclear zealots that are in complete denial about the harm that they cause every hour of every day by releasing radio-active solids, liquids and gases. All they want to do (and have done) is to put CO2 in a bad light. All they want to do in put CO2 in the position of being the cause of “Global Warming” (which is defined as a bad thing) so that coal burning Electric Utilities can be classed as “polluters” and there by allow more Nukes to be built, like the recently proposed 31 new reactors along the East Coast of the U.S.A.
One must keep in mind that only water vapor is the only gas with enough volume and power to hold on to the heat that the sun provides and make the clouds that produce fresh water so that the green plants can grow. One can thank God (again) for having given us a natural system that keeps Carbon Dioxide at a relatively constant level to grow the green plants on land and also to dissolve some of it into the oceans. CO2 is constantly under pressure to satisfy all the demands put upon it because of the low percentage in the atmosphere. Fortunately, all the life on the planet gives back a sufficient volume of CO2 to keep it from being depleted. Some help is also provided by coal burning electric utilities and automobile exhaust.
The anti-CO2 believers must be convinced that believing that something is true does not make it so. They need to understand that Truth, Justice and the American way is needed now to come to terms and dispel the greatest myth that has been left over from the 20th Century. They have swallowed, hook, line and sinker, the Pro-Nuke fabrication that CO2 is pollution and now is the time to Exonerate CO2, change the direction, and support our coal based Electric Utilities.
As an example, this author suggests that everybody should go to www.wecansolveit.org (the most recent web site trying to promote solutions for a non-existent CLIMATE CRISIS) when there is none. Ask them why they are spreading lies about CO2 and global warming? Ask them why they are not doing anything about cleaning up the Mississippi River and converting the Nuclear reactors to coal and fuel burning boilers? Ask them if Mr Gore is going to try to sell Carbon Credits or promote the nuke infested “Energy” legislation? Ask them if they are looking for donations to support their outlook on the situation? These people really know how to put on a show and tell their story about a non existent crisis.
I sent this along with the first 12 pages on “Exonerating CO2” that gives all the details to info@climateproject.org to see what they think of the TRUTH?
4/5/08 Copyright © 2008 R.J. Gramm, Pittsburgh PA
R.J.G.
Exonerate CO2 Page 14
( Bad News on 4/9/08 For America )
Just as I was trying to finish up this piece for use on my web site, I read in the newspaper that Westinghouse has received an order for 2 new 1,100 MW nukes to be located at the Vogtle 1& 2 nuclear site near Waynesboro Ga (26 Miles South East of Augusta, which were built in 1987 and 1989 long after Three Mile Island) and bought by Southern Nuclear Operating Co. which is owned by Georgia Power @ 50.1% as part of a “Fleet” of 6 reactors. Georgia Power is owned by The Southern Company
The “Fleet” includes Farley 1&2 serving Alabama Power and Hatch 1&2 in Georgia. Vogtle #1 and #2 produce about 100,000 pounds per year of deadly, High Level Nuclear Waste and the site is already sitting on about 2 Million Pounds accumulated over the 20 years in service. To get an idea of what the stuff is, such waste usually has a dangerous 3% Uranium 235 and 3% Plutonium and will be radioactive for a million years. Six percent of the 2 million pounds is 120.000 pounds of the bomb grade stuff and with only 15 pounds needed for a Hiroshima size bomb, it means that the storage pool could make 8,000 such bombs if someone had the facility to do it.
The purpose in pointing out the power and hazard of the so-called “Spent Fuel” is to make sure that it should not be thought of as spent fuel. It is a dangerous and lethal material that is far from being “spent” that would be a real bad situation of the water on the pool was lost by some unforeseen accident or terrorist act. The pool releases radio-active gases which are not allowed to build up inside the building by the use of high volume air circulation that keeps the pool area safe for the employees. And, the water in the pool is constantly replenished to make sure there is no dangerous build-up of radio-active liquids that are produced by the material in storage. Tritiated water is nasty stuff.
It is amazing to me that the people in the immediate vicinity of the newly announced nukes (and everybody down wind) would allow the approval of the construction. Obviously, they were not in the approval process and all the 60 year old objectors who caused trouble when the first 4 units were built are already dead. Apathy allowed the approval. Ignorance of the proceedings allowed the approval. Lack of oversight by the general public and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission allowed the approval. A good job by the Global Warming believers promoted the approval. And the “Too Little Too Late Principle” is now the only thing that can be done and it’s too late, maybe.
So, in my home town, there is happiness by 7000 of my Pittsburgh neighbors. There’s happiness in Japan for the Toshiba executives who bailed out barW. Steve Tritch, the Westinghouse CEO, said “Today, the long awaited nuclear renaissance in the United States has dawned”.
It hasn’t dawned on anybody that the entire lobbying, publicity, lying, mythical and evil plotting of the propaganda for the approval process resulted in the simple signing by less than 10 people inside the beltway.
All the informed capitalists who said NO to scores of units that were cancelled (some partly done) after the three mile island melt-down have been over-ruled by a bunch of pro-nuclear zealots (in the highest level of denial) who built up one of the greatest myths in the history of the world. They really did fool all of the people all of the time for 30 years and it looks like it is going to pay off.
All the Anti-Nuclear Web Sites might just as well close-up if they do not get off their butts and do something about this. The coal and Oil companies never did figure out how to fight off a bunch of Pseudo Science with pro nuclear support from behind the scenes. The price of the approved units and the initial charge of nuclear fuel was not shown in the newspaper. It is absolutely certain that Georgia Power did not get quotes on a state of the art fuel fired plant with a provision to get a savings by not having to de-commission it down the road like the nuke option is going to have to pay. Nobody asked how close to disaster has the Southern Nuclear Operating Company been operating their 6 old units. Georgia is the least likely of all the states to be burdened with 2 more nukes. The Georgia Power web site describes a wonderful, lush green place next to the Ocean and a tourist wonderland. For them to install 2 more 20th century monuments to stupidity is a gross misuse of their economic and political power. r.j.g. 4/9/08
Exonerate CO2 Page 15
( The Long Awaited -- Anti-Nuclear-Power-Surge )
My collection of information about nuclear power that was found when working on a series of e-mails to the President called “Dear Mister President”, convinced me that there were an awful lot of Anti-Nuclear Power web sites and they all had some information about the harm to citizens, the bad things about Nuclear Power and ways of raising money from the grass roots. Many, over the 30 years since TMI, have branched out into other public service areas after really not getting much done in their struggle to spread the anti-nuclear word and survive. Global Warming has done a much better job with only a dozen or so web sites and does a lot of television advertising as a way to lead people to the sites.
When one looks at www.wecansolveit.org it is very impressive and Fluffy: Over 1.1 million members, 11 Grassroots Partners and a 15 member advisory Committee and no place to donate money.
After one clicks on the First Partner, it takes you to the real web site www.theclimateproject.org which is very, very impressive with 8 pages (each with a “DONATE” button), 125 :Presenters” lined up to show the terrific Nobel Laurite, Al Gore’s canned speech (very well done) during April and with17 signed up in May. They have a “Community of Presenters” to continue setting up collecting members with money, probably Democrats who need a cause to make life complete.
The 400 some anti-nuclear web sites (with 400 anti nuclear and health overtone books to sell and a donate button ) are pale in comparison. They never talk to each other but they all seem to survive. It is a sad statement to the idea that they really have lost the battle with the well funded nuclear types and the 30 year build up of the Global Warming story based on getting CO2 made out to be “Pollution”. That was a modern publicity winner that got the job done with 31 new Nukes in the works along the east coast and NOBODY fighting against it. The Climate Project has a typical Global outlook (just like Microsoft and Intel, which the democrats love).
It is highly likely that NOBODY ever asked a presenter if he or she ever heard that “Water Vapor is Natures Official Greenhouse Gas” that provides over 70% of the greenhouse effect or that “all living things on Planet Earth contributes over 64 Billion Tons of CO2” which is a lot more than the 5.5 Billion tons of CO2 contributed by coal and oil burning. Furthermore “All Life On Earth is totally dependant on CO2, Water and Sunshine to grow all our food”. And, CO2 is the one and only food growing gas that really is “The Environmental Super Gas” that God has provided for us all. Additionally, the temperature in Antarctica is colder for some reason and that is causing a build up of the Glaciers that causes them to start moving toward the equator (as the always do, anyway).
In the soon to be instituted web site that exonerates CO2 and completely destroys the entire ”Global Warming” story (which has been re-named as ”climate change”) because there is no warming trend.. All the Presenters will be discredited and the Nobel Prize returned, the Supreme Court Over-Ruled and The Congress Embarrassed. Even the 100 year old surges (with 20 year durations) CO2 in ice pack story is fishy because forest fires, surges in farm improvements and watering techniques as well as occasional sunspot activity caused more CO2 in the atmosphere back then and that exchange of CO2 from the north hemisphere to the southern hemisphere causes un-accounted CO2 levels to appear not the least of which is the fact that increased temperatures cause and increase in CO2 levels and not the other way.
The “Exonerating CO2” project is not very complicated because it becomes doing studies about how many living entities there are on the planet, how much CO2 is contributed by each as well as how much decaying plant matter there is at any giver time.The project which will involve data collectors for the various areas of the planet (which is now poorly coordinated) and improved census taking for domesticated and wild animals as well as ocean life. It is all fun stuff.
One can see all 1.1 million of the wecansolveit
members being disillusioned by finding out the TRUTH that there is no crisis,
there is only the global warming that we need to keep the planet warm and
comfortable as the result of Water Vapor and finally, that the Nuclear Power
industry (in Denial for more than 50 years with the radio-active waste they
generate) is the true item that we can solve if only we had some converted
presenters and 1.1 million people talking to congress and the media in all towns
and cities around the world. r.j.g . 4/12/08 Copyright © 2008 R.J. Gramm,
Pittsburgh PA
Exonerate CO2 Page 16
(Killing the Clean Air Nuclear Power Myth)
Now that the plan to exonerate CO2 is well under way, there is a loose end on the subject of “An Industry in Denial”. The pro-Nuke advertising by Utilities that have Nuclear Power Reactors many times says “Safe”, “Clean Air” or other such statement like Carbon Dioxide Free power and so on. Safe it is not and all 400 of the Anti-Nuclear folks can fill you in on that. What I am thinking about now is the Daily release of radio-active gases and liquids. Both are denied for 50 years. But, there is an easy test method that can be applied which is very low cost and very simple. Every body but the general public knows that certain radio-active releases into the neighborhood air is allowed (because there is no practical way to solve the immediate problem than to release the stuff). So, an approved release is when fuel rods are replaced and the high pressure lid is removed and the hot rods pulled out. The neighbors are not advised of when this happens or how many rads are let go. Let’s let that one go for awhile. I am 14 miles down wind from beaver Valley 1 and 2 and it bothers me and “the Government has assured me that it is a safe practice”. It is a classical denial situation. Who am I to say that it is not safe?
The test I propose that proves CONTINUOUS releases of radio-active gas and liquids exists or not is as follows:
Test #1) TURN OFF the Ventilation Fans that remove air from the containment building housing the reactors and record any radio-active increases (or not) that would happen if there is a continuous hazard. Record the readings at the front output of a high volume circulation fan that mixes all the air inside the building so that all the building air is the same. If no increase in radio activity is measured (and the test meter and the recording of the level in the room is certified to be in operation) then we all can agree that the air in the containment building can be safely released into the neighborhood. A one week time period , or some other time longer or shorter, is suggested.
Test #2) TURN OFF the Ventilation Fans that remove air from the fuel storage building and record and record any radio-active increases (or not) that would happen if there is a continuous hazard This is an inconvenient test because the evaporation from the storage pools will raise the relative humidity rather quickly and employees will get uncomfortable rather quickly, I suppose. If no increase in radio activity is measured (and the test meter and the recording is not hurt or diminished by an increase in relative humidity level in the room) is certified to be in operation and not distorted by the increased humidity. This author fears that a reading of Tritium could hurt people and if the operator is unwilling to do the test for that reason, than it would get into a certifiable admission of a 50 year denial.
Test # 3) TURN OFF the circulating pumps to the Storage pool and record any increase of radio-activity in the pool water as well as any increase in the radio activity of the air above the pool. Record the increase of the pool temperature and the relative humidity in the air above the water.
These 3 tests are intended to show if the installation is getting rid of radio-active gas or water using the principal of “dilution of radio-active air or water as a way to release the materials into the neighborhood air or water at very low radio-activity levels as an intended result of the large dilutions”.
For the record there is a large volume of “low level radio active materials” that leave all nuclear plants on a regular basis and the principal of mixing high level radio-active materials by mixing with large volumes of cloth, paper and absorbent in order to be able to be called “low Level” is never pointed out by nuclear utilities who do not admit that this stuff exists so they can claim pollution free nuclear power. Details as to how much of this bad stuff is generated every year is included in the series of e-mails entitled “Dear Mister President” that the author will be happy to send to interested parties willing to pay for it. The item was an attempt to get President Bush to understand how bad the whole issue is including the great amount of “spent” fuel stored all over America. He never sees his e-mail. He BELIEVES in Nuclear Power.
Exonerate CO2 Page 17
(Fighting to Protect the U.S. Economy)
The President gave a well worded speech on the Popes Birthday, April 16th, 2008 at 3:15 that mentioned “Green House Gas” at least 10 times. He doesn’t know that the Principal Greenhouse Gas is Water Vapor which easily contributes 70% of the heating effect. Methane and Ozone contribute at least 10% of the effect, they say. The jury is still out on the effect of CO2 because we haven’t really studied it with all things considered.
The President now realizes that calling CO2 “Pollution” and trying to put limits on it is not in the best interests of the USA. He mentioned Greenhouse Gas like an expert and thinks that the Greenhouse Gas released by homes, schools and businesses is outside the intention of the laws passed last year. And the American Economy could be hurt by a groundswell of rules and local legislation that would slow down our economy or make us uncompetitive in the world markets. The speech was very heavy and said the same thing at least 3 times when talking about setting limits or writing legislation and talking about agreements that would be signed off by the participants of the up coming G8 meeting in July.
I feel so bad about not having sent my definitive piece that Exonerates CO2 by pointing out that WATER VAPOR is the Principal Greenhouse Gas and he should not have to anguish about the CO2 that we produce in America because CO2 is the “Environmental Super Gas” Upon Which All Life on Planet Earth Depends. I sent this to his e-mail address but I think his staff never shows my stuff to him.
He thanked France (?) for helping to set up meetings that limit the target of “Greenhouse Gas” emissions. Little does he know that France has a NUCLEAR POWER INFECTION that will plague them for many future centuries. The Pro-Nuclear forces have used the consumption of energy in the US as a whipping boy and it helps the people who envy our way of life to try to tear us down. Al Gore has spread the myth so far and wide that everybody is against our energy consumption. Even people like the climate project presenters think that CO2 is an enemy and they all seek nonexistent “New Technologies” that we really do not need because the ones we have produce a little bit more CO2 that the growing green plants can always use. The French are killing their own population and they think it is the right thing to do when they add another Nuclear Power plant instead of a good clean coal burning electric plant.
The Natural Gas industry is now under attack by anything that the president does because he is going against “Natures Environmental Super Gas, CO2” instead of the “Evil Solid Nuclear Waste Generating Machines” that are producing stuff every second of every hour of every day all across the country and the world. His effort has been twisted to do what the Pro-Nukes want him to do and he would sign off on the 31 planned nukes along the east coast if he stayed in power. The next president, fortunately, will be able to cancel out all the harm that the legislators and the Supreme Court have done.
That means that this author has a big job ahead to get the story out that “all life on Earth is the really big producer of Carbon Dioxide (which could be easily be 200 Billion tons per year) and the 5.4 Billion Tons publicized by the Pro-Nuke intellectuals is miniscule”.
I hate it to use bold script instead of literary excellence but it saves time which I don’t have. However the President’s speech did a good job of setting up the resistance of America telling the detractors that they are going to have a tough time of it trying to hurt our wonderful energy consuming lifestyle. It is a tough job looking out for Truth, Justice and the American (energy consuming) Way, but somebody has to do it. We all have got to get together and EXONERATE CO2 and then get busy converting the Nuclear Part of the power plants to good coal and gas fired units that produce some CO2 that the hungry green plants need to grow all our food.
Wow, I never realized that this project was going to be so tough but I can handle it! r.j.g. 4/16/08
Copyright © 2008 R.J. Gramm, Pittsburgh PA
Exonerate CO2 Page 18
(Exonerating CO2 Team Members)
This author has been un-successful in contacting The President and getting him to change his ways and/or what he believes. He is protected by a shield of people who screen information sent to him because his time is too valuable to waste on things that don’t matter. Just the other day I heard him say that he wanted to get rid of “Greenhouse Gases” by the year 2020. There is no way to do that because the principal Greenhouse Gas is water vapor and the oceans are big and contain a lot of water to make water vapor. Oh, maybe he means to get rid of CO2 by 2020? Well, we can not hold such silliness against him because “Ignorance is Bliss”. We only have to wait until January, 2009 and he will be gone.
Selecting Team Members to Exonerate CO2 is easy because all the coal, oil and natural gas suppliers have a vested interest in getting the TRUTH out that CO2 is the “Environmental Super Gas Upon which All Life On Planet Earth Depends” and their products make some CO2 when it is put to use. I had a stroke of genius and contacted Exxon Mobil to see if they would be interested in supporting a web site entitled “EXXONERATING CO2” and I expected that it is in their own best interests to get the word out. They declined.
Next, I added Consol Energy to my list of prospects because they are local to Pittsburgh and it gets me mad that people have been working over Coal as being a pollution causing material when it is burned. Once Consol realizes the myth that CO2 is pollution and that it is really good stuff, they will be able to quit working on their grant to find ways to “sequester CO2” as being an impractical project because of the 200 Billion tons produced by people and all other life on earth every year. It is in Consol’s own best interests to Exonerate CO2. They can have fun when they state that their coal is one of the biggest producer of the “Environmental Super-Gas Carbon Dioxide” and they are proud of all the electricity produced by their Coal and all the good CO2 that they produce to grow food at the same time.
They are likely to decline.
Then, the roster for the Nuclear Energy Institute came to light and it had 400 members and a healthy number of Universities involved? There just can not be that many educational institutions that are Pro-Nuclear. It is proof that this business of calling CO2 pollution is far more pervasive than anyone could have possibly imagined. Now, we have to get involved supporters of CO2 to be assigned to every one on the NEI list and find out why they can not understand how horrible Nuclear Power is. Now the project has expanded to dismantle the NEI and it will be a large project all on it’s own.
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The text in RED is added by
R.J. Gramm to add some TRUTH to this publication.
What Are Greenhouse Gases?
Many chemical compounds found in the Earth’s atmosphere act as “greenhouse
gases.” These gases allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere freely. When sunlight
strikes the Earth’s surface, some of it is reflected back towards space as
infrared radiation (heat). Greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation and
trap the heat in the atmosphere. Over time, the amount of energy sent from the
sun to the Earth’s surface
IS
about the same as the amount of energy radiated back into space, leaving the
temperature of the Earth’s surface roughly constant.
Many gases exhibit these “greenhouse” properties. Some of them occur in nature (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide), while others are exclusively human-made (like gases used for aerosols).
Roughly 50 to 70 % of the "Greenhouse Effect" is produced by Water Vapor and that should be remembered when looking at the various illustrations shown below which customarily only consider looking at "Carbon Content" and Carbon Dioxide.
Why Are Atmospheric Levels Increasing?
Levels of several important greenhouse gases have increased by about 25 percent since large-scale industrialization began around 150 years ago (Figure 1). During the past 20 years, about three-quarters of human-made carbon dioxide emissions were from burning fossil fuels.
Water Vapor, is the most important gas that contributes to the Greenhouse (heat keeping) Effect but it has not changed in the last 150 years. The increase in the CO2 from the respiration of Human Beings (about 100 billion Tons at a population of 6.7 billion people) is not usually thought of as being part of the apparent CO2 increase (with a curve that follows the population increase) is now being considered along with the contribution by cattle population and increases from modern farming and fertilization effects that the larger population stimulates.
Figure 1. Trends in Atmospheric Concentrations and Anthropogenic Emissions of Carbon Dioxide
(The Atmospheric Concentrations on the left are not directly related to the metric tons scale on the right)
(and the measurements from 1750 to 1900 are an approximated values for illustration purposes.)
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Concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are naturally regulated by numerous processes collectively known as the “carbon cycle” (Figure 2). The movement (“flux”) of carbon between the atmosphere and the land and oceans is dominated by natural processes, such as plant photosynthesis. While these natural processes can absorb ABOUT HALF of the net 6.1 billion metric tons of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions produced each year (measured in carbon equivalent terms), an estimated 3.2 billion metric tons is under study as being added to the atmosphere annually because the large surface of the Oceans adds a considerable degree of questions to be answered.. The Earth’s positive imbalance between emissions and absorption is believed to result in the continuing growth in greenhouse gases (other than Water Vapor) in the atmosphere.
Figure 2. Global Carbon Cycle (Billion Metric Tons Carbon)
What Effect Do Greenhouse Gases Have on Climate Change?
Given the natural variability of the Earth’s climate, it is difficult to determine the extent of change that humans cause. In computer-based models, rising concentrations of greenhouse gases generally produce an increase in the average temperature of the Earth. Computer based models need to become more inclusive as to the contributions from living organisms and the large effect of the Oceans which may indeed be seeking to absorb far more CO2 than we appreciate in the modern world. Rising temperatures may, in turn, produce changes in weather, sea levels, and land use patterns, commonly referred to as “climate change.” Climate Change is the politically correct word for "Global Warming" which has not recently been observed and indeed the temperature may be dropping for reasons no one understands. Go to www.IPCC.ch to get the whole scoop on chart 2.
Assessments
generally suggest that the Earth’s climate has warmed over the past century and
that human activity affecting the atmosphere is likely an important driving
factor. A National Research Council study dated May 2001 stated, “Greenhouse
gases are accumulating in Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human activities,
causing surface air temperatures and sub-surface ocean temperatures to rise.
Temperatures are, in fact, rising. The changes observed over the last several
decades are likely mostly due to human activities, but we cannot rule out that
some significant part of these changes is also a reflection of natural
variability.”
The contribution
of the biological heat from increases in the human and animal population as well
as the release of CO2 from them is a recently suggested input into the various
models to be considered. The following disclaimer indicates how fragile the
data is as well as the underlying assumptions: Next page starting with
“However,”
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However, there is uncertainty in how the climate system varies naturally and reacts to emissions of greenhouse gases. Making progress in reducing uncertainties in projections of future climate will require better awareness and understanding of the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the behavior of the climate system. The buildup is speculative and very small when the 720 Billion Metric Tons of carbon in the atmosphere (from Figure2) is considered. The natural interplay between the green plants and the soil or the oceans and back are the big players.
What Are the Sources of Greenhouse Gases?
(Mother Nature's contribution of 50% in the Pie Chart is not shown)
In the U.S., aside from the contributions of living entities like people and animals, a minor part of greenhouse gas emissions comes from energy use. These are driven largely by Population growth, economic growth, fuel used for electricity generation, and weather patterns affecting heating and cooling needs. Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, resulting from petroleum and natural gas, represent 82 percent (42% with water vapor considered) of total U.S. human-made greenhouse gas emissions (Figure 3). The connection between energy use and carbon dioxide emissions is explored in the box on the reverse side (Figure 4).
Figure 3.
U.S.
Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Gas, 2001
(Million Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent)
